Internal-combustion engine



L. IT. CARPENTIER. INTERNAL coNBusTloN ENGINE. APPLICATION FILED OCT. 28| 1918.

IPNIJENIINIII .IININ 6. IWW.. v

`I I I N I N f1 A \I w SI SI f5 I `LEE ROYAL cmnmnn. or cnnvnr.

mrnnnanconusrmn Enormi.

regresso.

Appiieatioa mea octp'ber at,l i913. serial No.' staats.

To all 'wh'm t may concer/n: r

Be it known` that I, LnmRoYAL CARPEN- TER, a" citizen `-`of the `United States,- residing at Cleveland, in the county otCuyahoga and State of Ohio,- have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Internal' Combustion Engines, of whichthe following is a full, clear, and exact description, reference beinghad to the accompanying drawings.

rlFhis invention relates to internal combustion engines, and particularly to the pistons employed therein, whether of the twocycle or `tour-cycle type. The objects of the invention are the provlsion ont an vengggine in which the working pressure shall be more v uniform than heretofore, thereby givinga more even torque with less strain upon the' parts; the provision of an engine in which, the scavenging of the burned gases. shall be very complete; while further objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent as the description proceeds. In

some respects this application constitutes a division of my former application filed June 19, 1918, Serial No. 240,730; inother re-` spects it contains and claims; certainjfeatures described but not claimed 'in my co. pending application filed November 2, 1918,A

Serial No. 260,783. ln the drawings accompanying and forraing a part of this application I have shown in a somewhat diagrammatic manner certain illustrative embodiments of my said invention, in which. drawings: Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view through a preferred form of engine-cylinder construction 'provided with my improvements;'Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic view of a modified form` oi' my invention applied to a ,different type of., engine; and Fig. .3 is a diagrammatic view illustrating still another modification of my improvements.

First describing lthe embodiment illus-4 trated in Fig. 1,. the cylinder l is ofthe type described and illustrated in my two copending applications, the same having end closures 2 and 3 respectively, and having its' sides formed with longitudinal slots 4--1. The piston 5 consists of a cylindrical barreltrave'rsed by the piston-pin 6 whose ends project through they slots and are at- -tached'to connecting rods 7, 7 ,;the 'latter being articulated I'to the, crank in any suit-.v

Specification of Letters Patent. i

l .atented Jury e, racc.

ablemanner.' The piston pintiiisloc-ated` .substantially'midway between the endsof this piston, and uponeach side thereof there are vvlocated the axial cylindrical wells 10, 11, in which are snugly 'litted the slidahle plungers 1 2, 13, respectively, yieldingly held in outward position bymeans of suitable springs 111,; 15, V respectively, fand secured .against completciejection by suitable stops i Within the purview of the present invention, the method of eilecting the inflow and' outflow o t gases lfrom the two ends of the cylinder is immaterial. The'engine may be of either the vtwo-cycle or tour-cycle type, and if of the two-cycle type the lower'end Vci' the cylinder may constitute a 'charging chamber yfor the upper end as described and claimed in `my application led simultaneously-herewith, lor .it may constitute a working chamber identical 'with' the upper end of the cylinder, being charged with explosive mixture -ifromlthe outside as described and claimed 'infmyfearlier applica- Vtion* Serial No.. 240,730. lln either case vthe `vupper end constitutes aworking .Cylinder and in the lpresent embodiment ,the stillness of the spring 1117s so gaged that the plunger- 12 will Vbe little it any displaced bythe compression-pressure but will be displaced by the explosion pressure. lln case the lower end of thel cylinder be a workin chamber the springwill preferably be a justed in the same manner, but it it be a charging chamber the spring will be arranged to be i displaced by the compression pressure, thereby maintainingupon the gasa more uniform pressure than would be the case witha solid piston.

' Inany case the slde ot' each well is formed V with a breather opening 17 in orderl to'prevent-the pistonsirom" becomingxed inone apertures 18, 18. line vwith the slots"1,'4=. These apertures not only permit'the ingress and egress oftheair. displaced by the' pisplace. by reason oit, pressure conditions, and 4the vwall of the lpiston 5 is formed with inc tons 12 and .13, but the movement of that air has a very. "`decided cooling eiectupon the entire piston..

. InFig. 2=`I1have=illustrated a tour-cycle enginev of the simplest type, 1EL indicating the .cylinder,-5 the iston therein, and 7 the connecting rod` he interior' of this pisret ton is formed with an axial cylinder bore `20 in which is slidablyk mounted the auxiliar lun er or iston 21 ieldin l `held Y P g P Y g Y against the an'ge 22 by means of. the spring 23. In" the present embodiment I have shown this spring as seated upon a ring 24 removably secured inside the lower end of the piston 5 and itself carrying the wrist pin 6a. In this embodiment the stiffness of the spring 23 is so chosen as to allow little or no displacement of the auxiliary piston.

21 by the` compression pressure but 'a decided deflection during theiinitial part of the explosion pressure, thus taking up the sudden shock which would otherwise come upon the connecting rod, wrist pin, crank pin, crank and bearings', and yielding up its powerlin a more uniform manner throughout the extent of the working stroke.

I n Fi 3 I have shown my improvement as applied to a four-cycle, four-cylinder engine, the pistons being shownl respecpoint of stiffness as to yield both tothe compression pressure and to the explosion pressure. Thus upon the completion of the comression stroke, the compression space will e produced in ment ofthe auxi iary piston' 21, as shown in the fourth cylinder, which displacement will be. only` tion.

power stroke so that the' piston 21 will be completely restored at the endof the power stroke, (see the first cylinder); and upon the exhaust fs'troke will g scavenging, (see the secon cylinder) while u on the intake stroke will"inspirate a comp ete' charge undiluted by waste gases, (see the third cylinder).

' It will, therefore, be seen that my invention is 'ca able` of expression .in varlous mechanical orms and arrangements, not onl v those' herey shown but manyfothers whic will occur to those skilled in the art, all of wliibh IV desire to claim and protect in and .fby 'these Letters Patent.

E, I-'and'C. For convenience I have y reat partby the displace-- slightly increased upon the gni? he power lstored in the spring will' be yielded up during the latter pai't of the (produce complete Having thus described my invention, what I claim is 1. In an internal combustion engine2 a piston having a cylindrical well opening through its working end, a secondary piston in said well, and yielding means coperating with sai'd secondary'plston and opposing its inward `movement, said well -being formed beneath its piston with a breather aperturecommunicating with the outer air. 2. In an internal combustion engine a cylinder'having an aperture inits wall, a piston in said cylinder and having an aperture ada ted to register with said first aperture, and pumping means in said piston actuated by the operation of the engine and adapted to produce a movement of air through said apertures whereby the piston interlor is cooled.

. 3. In an internal combustion engine, a piston, and a longitudinally mounted reciprocating air pump mounted in said piston 'and adapted to be actuated by the reciprowell, and means yieldin ly opposing the inward movementof sai secondary piston, said well havinga breather opening in its wall and said iirst piston having an aperture adapted to register `with the cylinder aperture.

5. Inan internal combustion engine, u cylinder having au 'aperture in yits wall, a

lpiston in said cylinder and having a c lindrical wellopening through its wor ing .end a secondary piston in said well, on a gsprin ton, t eLwall of said well having an opening .which communicates with said cylinder aperture.

in said well beneath said last pisc" 6. "Inl an internal combustionv engine, a piston -having a longitudinal cylindrical 4 well openingthrough its working end, the

mouth of-sald well having anoverhanging 'lian e, a. secondary piston'in said well beneat said ange, and a springin said well .tending to hold said; secondary piston againstsaid Hang?.

In 'testimony' w ereof I vhereunto aix my signature.

LEE ROYAL CARPENTER.

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